Language of Chemistry (Science)

Language of Chemistry 

1. symbol=The short and abbreviated form the full name. of an element is called symbol.

2. Language of Chemistry= The use of Symbol, Formula and Structure to represent the molecules of compound a chemical reaction, is called Language of Chemistry.

3. Valency= The combining capacity of an element is. called valency

4. Variable Valency= The property et element to have more than one kind of valency is called variable valency eg:

Element                 Symbol                  Valency    

Copper                      Cu                           1,2        

Iron                            Fe                           2,3  

Gold                           Au                          1,3

Lead                           Pb                           2,4

Mercury                    Hg                           1,2

Manganese               Mn                          2,4 

Tin                              Sn                           2,4

Sulphur                     S                             2,4,6

         

5, Radical= An atom or group of atoms having positive and negative charge that behaves as a single unit in a chemical reaction is called Radical.

= On the basis of nature of charge carried, radical are two types: 

i. Electropositive radical (Na+), (M++), (AI+++), etc.

ii. Electronegative radical (CI-), (SO4--), (NO3-- ), etc.

6. Electropositive radical= The radical which carries positive charge is called electropositive radical. It is formed when metal loses elections It is two types they are:

i. Simple electropositive radical= The radical consists of single atom of an element is simple electropositive radical eg: Na+, etc. 

ii. Compound electropositive radical= The radical which contain two or more atom of different element is compound electropositive radicals.

7. Electronegative radical= The radical that carries charge is called electronegative radical. Generally, they are acidic or non-metallic radicals. eg. It is also divided into two types:

i. Simple electronegative radical= The radical consists of single atom of an element with negative charge is called simple electronegative radical eg: E-, O--, ČI-, etc.

Compound electronegative radical= The radical which contain two or more atoms of different elements with charge eg: OH-, S04--, CO3--, etc.

8. Molecular formula= The short and abbreviated form for the full name of a molecule of a substance is called molecular formula. eg: Molecule of hydrogen is H₂, which shows two atoms of hydrogen in its molecule, NH3.        

9. What do you mean by H2 and 2H? 

= It means, H₂ represent a represent a molecule of hydrogen eg: H2 is the molecular Formula of hydrogen. But 2H means two atom of hydrogen.        

10. Molecular weight= The sum at atomic weight of all the atoms presents in a molecule of a substance is called molecular weight.      

11. Chemical equations= The representation of a chemical reaction in terms of symbol and formula is called eg (H₂+D₂) = 2 H₂O

12. Chemical reaction= The process by which two or more substances undergo change in molecules level to form... new substance is called chemical reaction.

13. Reactants & product= The chemical substances which undergo change to form new substance.

→The substances which can produce a result of chemical change in the reaction is called product.          

14. Formula and Symbolic equations= It is a form of chemical equations which is represented by writing symbol and formula of reactants and products. eg:

i. 2 H₂+0₂=2H₂O

ii. 2n+2HCl=2nCl₂+H₂

iii. 2K clog = 2KC1+30

15. Importance of Chemical equation:

i. It tells the name of reactant and products. 

ii. It tell the exact amount of reactant and products involved in the reaction. 

iii. It show the physical state of reactants and products.