Class 9 Science Chapter 1 Scientific Studies Notes

1. Short answer of these questions.

a. What is scientific learning?

= Scientific learning is the process to carry out any experiments by getting knowledge or hypothesic fact.

b. What is geology?

= The branch of science that deals with the study of origin, history, evolution and structure af the earth's crust is called geology.

c. What is meteorology?

= The science that deals with the atmosphere and it's phenomena, such as weather and climate is called meteorology.

d. What is precision?

= Precision is a measure of how exact or accurate a measurement is. It describes the degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results.

e. Define astronomy?

= Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial bodies such as stars, comets planets, galaxies and phenomena that originate beyond Earth.

f. Write any example at a scientific question?

= Why the sun only comes to sky during day?

g. What is the difference between physics and chemistry?

= Physics is the study of nature and natural phenomena.

= The study of the structure, composition, properties and how the energy is released or absorbed when matter changes is called chemistry.

2. Long answer type questions:

a. What is science? Write its branches and subset in a tree diagram.

= Science is the systematic study of the physical and natural world through measurement, experiment, observation and formulation of laws.

Branch:	Biology	Physics	Chemistry	Earth Science	Astronomy	Environment Science
Subsets:	Botany, Zoology, Medical Science Agr, Micro-Biology, Animal Husbandry, Ganetics	Nuclear Physics, Optics atom Physics, Astrophysics, Modern Physics, Engineering, Radiography, Medical Physics, Weight and Measure	Analytical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry	A.Geology, B.Meterology

b. How do la you blow chart? conduct scientific study ? Write in a flow chart?

=                   

c. Write two characteristics of scientific knowledge.

= The two characteristics of scientific knowledge are:

i. Empirically Testable: Scientific knowledge is based on evidence that is collected through observation and experimentation.

ii. Logically Consistent: Scientific knowledge must be logically consistent and must follow the laws of nature.

d. How do conduct you a science experiment?

= 1. Start by researching a topic and forming a testable hypothesis.

2. Develop a list of materials needed for the experiment.

3. Gather all materials needed for the experiment.

4. Set up the experiment and record the initial data.

5. Conduct the experiment, following the experimental procedure and taking detailed notes on the results.

6. Analyze the data collected and draw conclusions.

7. Share the results of the experiment.

e. What are the most important laboratory safety rules?

= The most important laboratory safety rules are;

i. We should always wear an apron.

ii. We should work in presence of a teacher and should not leave an on going experiment.

iii. We should wash our hands with soap and water.

iv. We should not touch, smell or taste chemicals.

v. Handle chemicals reagents and stains carefully.

f. What is a scientific notation? What is its importance in scientific study?

= Scientific notation is a way of writing too by or too small numbers easily in the standard form.

= Scientific notation is important because it allows us to convert very large or very small numbers into much more manageable sizes, it is easier to work with them.

g. What are the rules of scientific notation?

= The rules of scientific notation are;

i. The base should be always 10.

ii The exponent must be a non-zero are integers, that means it can be either positive (+) or negative (-). 

iii. The absolute value of the coefficient is greater than or equal to 1 but it should be less than 10.

iv.  Coefficients can be positive (+) or negative numbers including whole and decimal numbers.

v. Its the given number is a multiple of 10 then the decimal point has to be moved to the left, and the power of 10 will be positive (+).

h. What is metric prefix? Write its importance.

= A metric prefix is an easy way of expressing multiples (larger units) and submultiples (subunits) of defined unit.

= It's important because we can convert multiple (bigger units) to submultiples (smaller units) and vice versa.

i. Explain the importance of least count and average in measurement.

= Least count is the the smallest measurement which can be accurately taken from that particular instrument. Least count is important because in some Cases we have to measure smaller and smallest objects at that time least count is used.

An average is defined as the value which is obtained by adding all items of a series and dividing total by the number of items. It is important because it enable us to compare two or more groups in term of typical performance.

j. Explain the meaning of the term least count of an instrument by taking a suitable example.

= Let us consider a scale of length 1m which is graduated in cm with subdivisions in mm such that there are 10 division in each length of 10 cm. So, the least count can be calculated as per the formula as follows:

Least count= Value of one division/Total no of division

                  = 0.1cm or 10mm

k. What would be the achievements and challenge of science and technology in the 21st century in your opinion?

= In my opinion, In the 21st century of science and technology the world has developed, like a coin has 2 parts this development also have some defects.

People are using railways, airways, roadways, waterways to transport goods or people from one place to another. And in another had these activities are producing CO₂ which cause imbalance in the ecosystems and climate change. And also insecticides and pesticides are manufactured which solve the problem of scarcity of food but the challenge is the produced goods have health hazards in humans

The people are using modern technology to do their result they resulted as relief but it may reduce your social contact. Students are using computer for study purpose but in other hands they are using it too for playing games and watching videos.

3. Give reasons:

a. Scientific studies is important.

= Because knowing this we can test theories and to provide a basis for scientific knowledge.

b. Experiment is important in scientific method.

=  Because it may provide wrong result while writing theories directly.

c. We need to study science.

= Because in order to get all knowledge regarding scientific formulation, laws theories.

d. Scientific notation is useful in scientific calculation.

= Because it makes calculations with too large or small numbers easy.

e. The achievement of biology is important for mankind.

= Because in the era of technology, which is only targeted to achieve technological goals if biology got achievement, it helps to develop better medicines and treatment for disease and it could also produce genetically improved crop plants to avails enough Food for a growing human population.

f. A negative exponent give us small number.

= Because negative exponent is actually a fraction of very smaller numbers.