Class 10 Science Unit 1 Scientific Study Notes

1. Answer the following questions in short.

a. What is scientific learning?

= The scientific learning is a problem-solving process of establishing facts through testing and experimentation independently.

b. What are control variables?

= Control variables are the variables that a researcher tries to hold constant throughout the experiment.

c. Define Variable.

= A variable or is a measuring quantity, factor condition that con be controlled or. changed during an experiment.

d. What are dependent and Independent variables in research?

= A dependent variable is the factor or condition that you measure or observe in an experiment.

= An independent variable is the factor or condition that you can change in an experiment.

e. What is unit?

= The reference standard with which we carry out the measurement of any physical quantity of the same kind is called unit.

f. Define fundamental and derived unit.

= The unit which is independent of other units is called a a fundamental unit.

= The unit which is expressed in terms of two or more derived unit is called a derived unit.

g. Write the types of a unit.

= The types of a units are:

i. Fundamental unit

ii. Derived unit

h. Name the fundamental units used in physics.

=  The fundamental units used in physics are:

i. Kilogram

ii. Second

iii. Metre

3. Answer these questions in detail.

a What are variables in research? Explain with examples.

= A variable is a measuring quantity, factor or condition that can be controlled or changed during an experiment. Any quantity that varies during the span of an experiment is known as variables. Variables usually influence the result of an experiment. ex: load, effort distance, load distance, fertilizer, growth of plant, etc.

b. Clarify different types of variables giving example of experiment.

= In the experiment of plant on fertilizer is put on the past then the a fertilizer is independent variable, then the part when effect of independent variable (fertilizer) is show on the plant growth which is dependent variable whereas the sunlight, water, etc. are controlled variables.

c. What is the dimension of a physical quantity? Give an example.

= Dimension of a physical quantity can be said as the power to which the fundamental units must be raised to obtain one unit of that quantity ex: [ML^-3].

d. What is the unit of work? Explain whether the unit of work is a fundamental or derived unit.

=  The unit of work is a derived unit because the unit of work is Joule (J) where Joule (J) is "kgm/s²" whereas kg, m and s are the unit of fundamental unit on which derived unit depends.

e. Define fundamental unit with an example. Why unit of force called a derived unit?

=The unit which is independent of other units is called a fundamental unit. ex: m, kg, etc. The unit of force called derived unit because unit of force is Newton (N) where Newton (N) is kgm/s² whereas kg, m and s the units of fundamental unit on which derived unit depends.

f. What is a derived unit? Give its two examples.

= The unit which is expressed in terms of two or more fundamental units is called derived unit. ex: m², m³, etc.

g. Write the SI unit of the following physical quantities.

= i. potential difference = Volt (V)

ii. temperature = Kelvin (K)

ii electrical resistance = Ohm (Ω)

h. Point out the fundamental and derived units from the units given below:

= * Fundamental unit

i. second

ii. mole

iii. Kelvin

* Derived unit

i. Joule

ii. Watt

iii. Pascal

iv. Newton

v. hertz

i Write the basic units involved in the following derived units.

= Joule = kgm²/s² 

Pascal = kg/ms²

hertz= cycle/s

Newton = kgm/s² 

j. Define:

= i. Physical quantity 

= A physical quantity consists of a a magnitude and unit that be measured directly can or indirectly. There are two types of physical quantities. They are fundamental quantities and derived quantities.

ii. Unit 

= The reference standard with which we carry out the measurement of any physical quantity of the same kind is called unit. It's types are: Fundamental unit and derived unit ex: m, kg, m² , m/s² etc.

iii. Measurement

= The process of comparison of quantity with a known standard quantity is called an unknown measurement. Measurement of unknown. quantity can be done by comparing it with standard quantity of the same kind.

l. Can include you more independent and dependent variable in scientific study.

= Yes, we can include more than one independent and dependent variable in scientific study.