Nature and Environment || Class 9 Science Notes

Nature and Environment

1. Short answer type questions.

a. Define ecosystem.

= The biotic components and abiotic components from an interacting system is called ecosystem.

b. Name any two components of ecosystem.

= i. Biotic

ii. Abiotic

c. Define decomposers.

= Decomposers are miniature life forms that digest things that are dead and transform the dead plants and creatures into homous.

d. Write any two instances of top shopper in a lake.

= The two examples of top consumer in a pond are:

i. Fish

ii. Frog

e. Mention two abiotic components?

= i. Air

ii. Solar energy 

f. Give any two instances of decomposers in a meadow.

= i. Bacteria

ii. Fungi

g. Write the type of interrelation that exists between sea sponges and corals?

= gap 2lines

h. What is the role of algae in a pond ecosystem?

= The job of green growth in a lake biological system is to deliver nourishment and move to the oceanic creatures.

i. What is the role of bacteria in a grass land? 

= The job of microorganisms in a meadow is to deteriorate dead and rotted matters.

j. Define ecological interaction. 

= Natural communication is characterized as the cooperation among creatures locally.

k. What sort of communication is found between goats when they battle for grass?

→ Competition interaction is found between good when they struggle for grass.

l. Give an example of commensalism.

= i. Cow

2. Long answer type questions.

a. Name the abiotic components and biotic components of ecosystem.

= The abiotic components of ecosystem are:

i. Air  ii. Soil    iii. Water   iv. Solar energy

* The abiotic components of ecosystem are: 

i. Consumers

ii. Producers

iii. Decomposers

b. Why are green plants called producers? 

= A Green plants are called producers because at first, they prepare food by themselves and other organisms depend on them for their food.

c. If the numbers of tertiary consumers is increased more than it is necessary it causes the imbalance of the ecosystem. Explain.

=  If the numbers of tertiary consumers is increased more causes the imbalance necessary of the ecosystem because the number of secondary consumers gets decreased which brings imbalance in the food chain of the ecosystem, and tertiary consumers are these animals which feed Secondary consumer and they have carnivorous made of nutrition and these carnivorous which cannot be prayed upon further for tertiary consumer so, that the case that the imbalance of the ecosystem.

d. Mention any any four abiotic factors that affect environment. Describe any one of them. 

= The four abiotic factors that influence the climate are:

= i. Atmosphere

ii. Chemical elements

iii. Wind and Water

iv. Sunlight/temperature

*Water 

= Water is fundamental for keeping up with the existence exercises of living beings. But the requirement of water varies from Plants meets their water requirements from soil. Animals obtain it from pools, lakes, rivers, etc. Plants and Animals show modification according to availability of water. Aquatic animals absorb from water either through their body surface or gills. Aquatic plants have aerenchyma in the roots and petioles that helps with photosynthesis, respiration and floating.

e. How does migration affect the ecosystem of any community?

= Migration affects the eco-system of community due to a species that migrates to new community can causes a top- down effects within the community. If the migration species is abundant in the new community it can became a main prey for a resident predator, leaving other residents species as only an alternate prey. Migration directly affects the regulation of bad in the ecosystem.

f. What is the role of climate change in decrement of coral reefs in the ocean? What is its impaction. the ecosystem of the oceanic environment?

= The role of climate change in decrement of coral reefs in the ocean is " It causes thermal stress that contributes to coral bleaching and infectious disease. May lead to increase in a sedimentation for reefs a located near land-based sources of sediment. self-mentation run off com lead to the smothering of coral.

* It's impact of the ecosystem are the increased concentration of chemicals, such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the constal, ocean promotes the growth of algas blooms which can be toxic to wildlife and harmful to humans.

g. Describe the impacts of climate change on ecosystem in short?

= The imparts of climate change on ecosystem are:

i. I. Found forestall polar bears and more slender and unhealthier than those of 20 years prior.

ii. Migration pattern of animals is affected due to effect on the migratory road.

iii. Fruiting in plants occurs either too early or too late. It affects the animals reproduction who feed on them. 

iv. Development, seedling period and life expectancy of plants are impacted.

v. Rhododendron regularly blooms in the long periods of Falgun and Baisakh. However, the flower have begin to blossoms earlier in the month of December

h. Describe grassland ecosystem briefly. 

→ Different type of animals and plants inhabit in grassland. In a grassland, grasses, shrubs and trees Prepare their food inside them by the photosynthesis and supply food to others, thus they are producers. These producers are eaten by primary consumers like insects, dears, rabbits, etc. The essential buyer as well as eaten by optional purchasers. The producer and secondary consumer are eaten by top consumers like tigers, lions, eagles, etc.

i. Explain the concept of food chain in brief with the help of a diagram.

= The transfer of energy and materials in the firm. of food from one trophic level to another trophic level by the repeated process of eating and being eaten is known a food chain. It is a progression of food and energy in a solitary heading in a food cycle. It can be considered as a unit of food web.

j. Mustard forming was done with bee keeping In one of the seasons, bees were killed accidentally by the use of insecticides. Mustard production was also decreased. Explain.

= Mustard farming was done with bee keeping are of the seasons, bees were killed accidentally by the use of insecticides. Mustard production was also decreased due to the pollen transfer, or pollination accomplished by bees, mustard plants may have survived Entomophily is the term insect-mediated pollination. The pollination rate may have dropped due to the bee's deaths, killing the plant.

3. Give reasons:

a. Phytoplankton are producers

= Phytoplankton are producers because they perform photosynthesis and produce feed from light energy.

b. Fungi are decomposers.

→ Fungi are decomposers because they decompose the dead plants and animal body.

c. Eagles are top consumers.

= Eagles are top consumers because they are flesh eating life forms in which it go after all different creatures as well as essential and optional Buyers.

d. All the components have equal important for a ecosystem.

→ All the components have equal important for a ecosystem because all the components are and responsible for the control of the number of all organisms.

e. Eco-system is beneficial to human beings.

= Eco-system is beneficial to human beings because assuming that biological system are keep up with, in our current circumstance. and all the organism of ecosystem are prey. according the food chain in this way, nature of environment is maintain properly.

f. Eco-friendly development is sustainable. 

= Eco-friendly development is sustainable because It helps to maintain the ecosystem in the nature and all the organism get benefit by prey upon the animals by being eating, and environment are properly maintain for a long- period of time.